Proto-Humanoid
Proto-Humanoids are the genetic ancestor of all Humanoids. While they are extinct, many details of their culture and physiology can be derived by observing commonalities in their living descendants.
Proto-Humanoids are believed to have generally possessed the same physical traits as those of extant Humans; some human cultures insist that they are the "base" that other humanoids evolved from, rather than simply sharing a common ancestor.
It is believed that spoken language was developed prior to the speciation of the various humanoids, but that written language was developed after.